본문
이 글에 나오는 이름
- Machiavelli
- 마키아벨리. 16세기 피렌체의 외교관이자 사상가예요. 『군주론』을 썼어요.
- principality
- 군주국. 한 사람이 다스리는 나라예요. 마키아벨리는 여럿이 다스리는 공화국과 나누어 보고, 『군주론』에서는 군주국만 다뤄요.
- hereditary prince
- 세습 군주. 한 집안이 대대로 다스려 온 나라의 군주예요. 자리를 물려받았고, 백성은 이미 그 집안의 다스림에 익숙해요.
- new prince
- 신생 군주. 자기 대에 나라를 얻은 군주예요. 아주 새 나라를 세웠거나, 이미 가진 나라에 새 땅을 더했어요.
- house of Ferrara
- 페라라 가문. 이탈리아 북부 페라라를 오래 다스린 에스테 가문이에요. 1484년 베네치아의 공격과 1510년 무렵 교황의 공격을 견뎌 냈어요.
밑줄 친 단어나 X-ray 표시를 누르면 아래에서 읽기 도구가 올라와요.
This chapter is the first of a book that has been called the most dangerous on the shelf for 500 years.
Across twenty-six chapters Machiavelli asks one thing: how do you hold a state you have just taken? Before building his answer, he sorts the world’s states.
Every State There Is
Tutti li stati, tutti e’ dominii che hanno avuto e hanno imperio sopra li uomini, sono stati e sono o repubbliche o principati. (Chapter 1)
The first sentence is already a cut. A state is one of two things, and this book looks only at principalities. Republics he has written about elsewhere, he adds.
Principalities split again. There is the hereditary kind, ruled by one house for generations, and the new kind, come into being in the present ruler’s lifetime.
New principalities are not all one thing either. Some are built wholly fresh; some are new land added to a state already held. The way of getting them splits too. By another’s arms or your own, by fortune or by your own ability.
This short sorting is the map of the whole book. Every later chapter picks one of these boxes and steps into it.
Why an Old Seat Is Quiet
A hereditary principality is easy to hold. Machiavelli says this without .
The reason is plain. A hereditary prince has no new order to build. He carries on the road his laid, dealing only with whatever suddenly lands on him. As long as he is reasonably , the seat does not shake.
On top of that, an old house gives its people little cause for hatred. A prince who has just forced his way in hurts someone whenever he changes something, while a prince who has always been there rarely needs to. So he is more loved, without trying.
A House Attacked Twice and Still Standing
Machiavelli gives an example from his own time. The house of Ferrara.
It was attacked by Venice in 1484 and, not long after, by Pope Julius II. Both times the other side was far stronger. The house held its place anyway.
The reason Machiavelli gives is a single one. That house had ruled that land for a long time.
A long root the memory of change in people’s heads. Nobody asks any more who took this seat, or when, or how, and that lack of interest becomes a shield. The new prince does not have it.
Easy Is Not the Same as Well Done
Here is a place easy to misread.
Easy to hold does not mean well ruled. A hereditary prince holds his seat even when ordinary. Only a very large force can push him out, and if that force for a moment, he soon has the seat back.
The new prince has no such room. Pushed out once, he is usually finished.
So The Prince, its title, is not a book for every prince. A man already safe needs no advice. From first page to last, this book speaks to the person who has just taken a state.
Today, an Inherited Seat and a New One
The same seat shakes one way when inherited and long held, another way when just taken on.
The long-seated are not pushed out by ordinary mistakes, because those around them already treat them as a given. The newly seated the people who placed them, over small things. are high, and nothing is a given yet.
Machiavelli does not read this gap as a matter of ability. He reads it as a matter of time. The new prince’s trouble comes not from being poor at the job but from the seat still being strange to him.
So it is worth asking. When someone in a long-held seat gets by without trouble, do we call that skill, or should we call it ? From the next chapter on, Machiavelli takes apart how you survive a seat that is still strange.
이 글은 intostory의 군주론에서 가져왔어요.